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SERVICES WE PROVIDE

Bringing a new life to an existence is one of the most precious moments of any parent’s life. At KIMS Cuddles, we strive to make those precious moments of a mother even more memorable and cherishing through our services.

Consultation

The world class gynecologists at KIMS Cuddles, diagnose and understand your health issues and work towards curing them. Our doctors are dedicated to provide personalized care for w...

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Family Planning

At our gynecology hospital in Hyderabad, our experts help you manage the spacing between the birth of your child by contraceptive methods. We provide confidential, low-cost, preven...

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Laparoscopy

Laparoscopy involves making small incisions on the abdomen or the pelvis of a person to diagnose conditions. We have experts in treating gynecologic cancers, hysterectomy, endometr...

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Doctors

photo of Dr. Vasantha Dasari

Dr. Vasantha Dasari

Consultant Obstetrician & Gynecologist

photo of Dr. M. K. S. Manju

Dr. M. K. S. Manju

Consultant Obstetrician and Gynecologist

photo of Dr. Padmasree Resapu

Dr. Padmasree Resapu

Consultant Gynaecologist, Laparoscopic Surgeon & Infertility Specialist

Patient Testimonials


#PatientTestimonial: ITP in Pregnancy treatment | Dr. Hema Malini Pallekonda | KIMS Cuddles, Vizag


Mrs. D. Rajeswari

Health Blogs

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28 August, 2024

Trimester Talk - Stages of Pregnancy

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What to Expect in Each Stage of PregnancyPregnancy is a transforming experience that involves both physical and emotional changes. Understanding what to expect in each trimester can help you navigate this exciting time with confidence. This guide breaks down the key changes you may experience during each stage of pregnancy.First Trimester: Weeks 1-12Physical ChangesDuring the first trimester, your body undergoes rapid changes as it begins to support the growing fetus. Common physical symptoms include:Nausea and Vomiting: This is commonly known as morning sickness and it can occur at any time of day.Fatigue: Hormonal changes can leave you feeling unusually tired.Breast Tenderness: Hormones may cause your breasts to become sore and swollen.Frequent Urination: Increased blood flow to the kidneys can result in more frequent trips to the restroom.Emotional ChangesThe first trimester can be an emotional rollercoaster due to fluctuating hormone levels and the excitement or anxiety of impending motherhood. It's normal to feel a mix of joy, worry and mood swings during this time.Second Trimester: Weeks 13-26Physical ChangesThe second trimester is often referred to as the "golden period" because many women experience relief from early pregnancy symptoms. However, new physical changes may occur, including:Visible Baby Bump: Your abdomen will begin to expand as the baby grows.Increased Appetite: With nausea subsiding, you may feel hungrier than before.Movement: By around 18-20 weeks, you may start feeling the baby's movements, known as quickening.Skin Changes: Hormones can cause skin pigmentation changes, such as the darkening of the areolas and the appearance of a linea nigra (a dark line running down the abdomen).Emotional ChangesAs your pregnancy progresses, you may feel more connected to your baby and experience a surge of positive emotions. However, it's also common to feel stressed or anxious about the future and impending responsibilities.Third Trimester: Weeks 27-40Physical ChangesThe third trimester can be physically demanding as your body prepares for childbirth. Common symptoms include:Braxton Hicks Contractions: These "practice" contractions help your body prepare for labor but are usually irregular and less intense than true labor contractions.Swelling: Increased blood volume and pressure on veins can lead to edema in the feet, ankles and hands.Back Pain: Extra weight and changes in posture can cause backaches.Difficulty Sleeping: Physical discomfort and frequent urination can make sleep challenging.Emotional ChangesThe anticipation of childbirth can bring a mix of excitement and anxiety. It's natural to feel a range of emotions as you prepare for labor and the arrival of your baby. Many women also experience nesting instincts, feeling a strong urge to prepare their home for the new arrival.Final ThoughtsEach trimester of pregnancy brings unique physical and emotional changes. Understanding what to expect might help you deal with these changes and make the most of this unique time. Remember that each pregnancy is unique, so consult your doctors for tailored guidance and support.Embrace this journey with an open heart and mind, knowing that these changes are all part of the incredible process of bringing new life into the world.

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28 August, 2024

Prenatal and Postnatal Vitamins

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The Importance of Prenatal and Postnatal Vitamins for Mothers and BabiesPregnancy and the postpartum period are critical times for both mother and baby, requiring extra nutritional support to ensure healthy development and recovery. Prenatal and postnatal vitamins play a vital role in meeting these nutritional needs, supporting both the mother’s wellbeing and the baby’s growth. This blog explores the importance of these vitamins, what they contain and how they benefit mothers and babies.Prenatal Vitamins: Supporting a Healthy PregnancyWhy Prenatal Vitamins are Essential?Prenatal vitamins are specially formulated supplements designed to provide the extra nutrients needed during pregnancy. They help bridge nutritional gaps in a mother's diet, ensuring both her health and the healthy development of the baby.Key Nutrients in Prenatal VitaminsFolic Acid: Crucial for preventing neural tube defects in the developing fetus. It's recommended that women start taking folic acid before conception and continue through pregnancy.Iron: Supports the increased blood volume in the mother and helps deliver oxygen to the baby. It also prevents anemia, which can cause fatigue and other complications.Calcium and Vitamin D: Essential for the development of the baby's bones and teeth. They also support the mother's bone health.DHA (Docosahexaenoic Acid): An omega-3 fatty acid important for the development of the baby's brain and eyes.Iodine: Vital for thyroid function, which regulates metabolism and supports fetal brain development.Benefits for the MotherPrenatal vitamins not only support the baby's growth but also help the mother maintain her health. They can reduce the risk of pregnancy complications like preeclampsia, support immune function and help manage pregnancy related fatigue and nausea.Postnatal Vitamins: Nourishing Recovery and LactationThe Role of Postnatal VitaminsAfter childbirth, a mother's nutritional needs continue to be elevated, especially if she is breastfeeding. Postnatal vitamins help replenish nutrients lost during pregnancy and delivery and support lactation.Essential Nutrients in Postnatal VitaminsCalcium: Critical for bone health, especially if breastfeeding, as calcium can be depleted from the mother's body to provide for the baby.Vitamin D: Supports the immune system and bone health for both mother and baby. Breastfed babies rely on their mother's vitamin D stores.Iron: Helps replenish iron stores that may have been depleted during childbirth and supports energy levels.B Vitamins: Including B6 and B12, these support energy production and can help combat postpartum depression and fatigue.Omega-3 Fatty Acids: Important for the development of the baby's brain and eyes and they can support the mother's mental health.Benefits for the BabyPostnatal vitamins are especially important for breastfeeding moms since they have a direct impact on the quality of breast milk. Adequate nutritional intake ensures that the infant gets enough vitamins and minerals to grow and thrive.Choosing the Right VitaminsWhen choosing prenatal and postnatal vitamins, it is important to consult with a healthcare provider. They can recommend a supplement that meets your specific needs based on your diet, health status and any existing medical conditions.ConclusionPrenatal and postnatal vitamins are critical for the health of both mother and baby, since they provide important nutrients for growth, development and recuperation. Understanding the importance of these vitamins and adding them into your healthcare regimen will help you have a healthy pregnancy and postpartum time. Remember that, while vitamins are vital, they should be combined with a well balanced diet rich in whole foods to provide a comprehensive approach to mother and newborn health.

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28 August, 2024

Preparing for Pregnancy

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A Guide for Expectant MothersPreconception Checkups: The First StepBefore you embark on the journey of pregnancy, it's crucial to ensure your body is ready. Scheduling a preconception checkup with your healthcare provider is the first step. During this session, your doctor will go over your medical history, current health status and any medications you may be taking. This checkup is an opportunity to identify and manage any health issues that could affect your pregnancy.Key Tests and ScreeningsYour preconception checkup may include:Blood tests can determine anemia, blood type, and immunity to infections such as rubella and chickenpox.Screening for sexually transmitted infections (STIs).Assessing your vaccination status and updating any necessary vaccines.A discussion on managing chronic conditions such as diabetes or hypertension.Nutrition Tips for Expectant MothersNutrition is extremely important in preparing your body for pregnancy. A well balanced diet contains critical nutrients that promote fetal and mother health.Key NutrientsFolic Acid: Critical for preventing neural tube abnormalities. Aim for at least 400 micrograms per day from fortified meals or supplements.Iron: Promotes increased blood volume and avoids anemia. Include iron-rich foods like lean meats, spinach and legumes.Calcium: Essential for fetal bone development. Consume dairy products, leafy greens and fortified plant based milks.Omega-3 Fatty Acids: Is essential for brain and eye development. Include fatty fish, such as salmon, walnuts and flaxseeds.HydrationMaintain hydration by drinking lots of water throughout the day. Proper hydration improves overall health and helps alleviate typical pregnancy symptoms such as constipation and exhaustion.Exercise Recommendations for Expectant MothersRegular exercise activity can help boost your overall health, lift your spirits, and prepare your body for the demands of pregnancy and labor. Exercise can also lower the risk of gestational diabetes, preeclampsia and excess weight gain.Safe ExercisesWalking: A easy and effective technique to stay active without overworking your body.Swimming: Provides a full body workout while being gentle on the joints.Prenatal Yoga: Enhances flexibility, reduces stress and promotes relaxation.Strength Training: Helps build muscle endurance. Use light weights and avoid heavy lifting.Exercise TipsConsult Your Doctor: Before beginning any fitness plan, speak with your doctor, especially if you have any pre-existing health concerns. Listen to Your Body: Avoid high-impact or contact sports. Stop exercising if you have any pain, dizziness or shortness of breath.Stay Hydrated: Drink water before, during and after exercise to stay hydrated.Final ThoughtsPreparing for pregnancy involves a holistic approach that includes medical checkups, proper nutrition and regular exercise. By following these steps, you can increase your chances of having a healthy pregnancy and an easy transition into parenthood. Remember that every woman's body is unique, so speak with healthcare professionals to create a strategy that meets your specific needs.Begin this lovely journey with confidence and care, knowing that you're doing everything you can to give your future kid the greatest possible start.

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28 August, 2024

Postpartum Depression and Anxiety

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Signs, Symptoms and How to Get HelpBringing a new baby into the world is often portrayed as a joyous time, but for many new mothers, it can also bring unexpected emotional challenges. Postpartum depression and anxiety are common but serious conditions that can affect a mother's mental health. Understanding the signs, symptoms and available help is crucial for new mothers and their families.Understanding Postpartum DepressionWhat is Postpartum Depression?Postpartum depression (PPD) is a severe type of depression that develops following childbirth. Unlike the "baby blues," which are fleeting sensations of melancholy and exhaustion, PPD is more powerful and persistent. It can limit a mother's capacity to care for herself and her child.Signs and SymptomsSymptoms of Postpartum DepressionPersistent Sadness: Feeling hopeless, sad or empty for most of the day.Loss of Interest: Lack of interest in activities you once enjoyed, including spending time with your baby.Fatigue: Extreme tiredness that doesn’t improve with rest.Sleep Issues: Difficulty sleeping, even when the baby is asleep or sleeping too much.Appetite Changes: Appetite fluctuations might result in significant weight loss or increase.Difficulty Bonding: Struggling to connect with your baby.Feelings of Worthlessness: Intense feelings of guilt, shame or inadequacy.Thoughts of Harm: Intrusive thoughts about harming yourself or your baby.Understanding Postpartum AnxietyWhat is Postpartum Anxiety?Postpartum anxiety (PPA) involves excessive worrying, fear and anxiety after childbirth. It can manifest as constant worry about the baby's health, overwhelming feelings of dread and an inability to relax.Symptoms of Postpartum AnxietyExcessive Worry: Constant worry that something bad will happen to the baby.Restlessness: Inability to sit still or relax.Physical Symptoms: Experiencing panic attacks, nausea or heart palpitations.Irritability: Becoming easily frustrated or angry.Hypervigilance: Being overly alert and unable to switch off.Risk FactorsSeveral factors can increase the risk of developing postpartum depression and anxiety:History of Mental Health Issues: Previous depression or anxiety.Lack of Support: Limited emotional or practical support from family and friends.Stressful Life Events: Significant life changes, such as relocation or financial issues.Complications in Birth: Difficult pregnancy or childbirth experience.Hormonal Changes: Drastic changes in hormone levels after birth.How to Get HelpSeek Professional HelpIf you suspect you have postpartum depression or anxiety, it's essential to seek professional help. Contact your healthcare provider, who can conduct a thorough assessment and recommend treatment options. These may include:Therapy: Cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) and other forms of counseling can help manage symptoms.Medication: Antidepressants and anxiety medicines may be administered.Support Groups: Joining a group for new mothers experiencing similar challenges can provide emotional support.Selfcare StrategiesIn addition to professional help, selfcare strategies can also aid in recovery:Rest and Sleep: Prioritize sleep and rest whenever possible.Healthy Diet: Maintain a balanced diet to promote general health.Exercise: Gentle exercise, such as walking, can boost mood and energy levels.Connect with Others: Contact friends, relatives or support groups for emotional assistance.Final ThoughtsPostpartum depression and anxiety are serious conditions that require attention and care. Recognizing the symptoms and seeking assistance is the first step toward recovery. Remember, you are not alone and help is available. With the right support and treatment, it is possible to overcome these challenges and enjoy your time with your new baby. If you or someone you know is struggling, reach out to a healthcare provider today.

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27 August, 2024

Breastfeeding Essentials

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Breastfeeding Essentials: Latching Techniques, Common Challenges and BenefitsBreastfeeding is a natural and beneficial way to nourish your baby, providing essential nutrients and fostering a unique bond between mother and child. While it can be a rewarding experience, many new mothers encounter challenges along the way. Understanding the essentials of breastfeeding, including latching techniques, common challenges and the myriad benefits, can help make this journey smoother and more fulfilling.Latching TechniquesA proper latch is crucial for effective breastfeeding and preventing discomfort or injury to the mother’s nipples. Here are some key points for achieving a good latch:Positioning: Position yourself and your baby comfortably. The cradle hold, cross-cradle hold and football hold are popular positions. Ensure that the baby’s body is aligned head, shoulders, and hips in a straight line facing your breast.Cues and Readiness: Look for hints that your baby is ready to feed, such as rooting (turning their head towards your breast), sucking motions, or putting their hands in their mouth. Mouth Placement: Gently touch your baby's lips with your nipple to get them to expand their mouth wide. Aim for a deep latch where your baby takes in not just the nipple but a good portion of the areola as well. The baby’s lips should be flanged out and their chin should touch your breast.Signs of a Good Latch: A good latch is usually pain free and feels like a gentle tug rather than sharp pain. You should see rhythmic sucking and hear swallowing sounds. If you notice any discomfort, gently relieve the suction by placing your finger into the corner of your baby's mouth and repositioning.Common ChallengesDespite the best preparations, many mothers encounter challenges in breastfeeding:Nipple Pain and Damage: This is often due to improper latching. Adjusting the latch or trying different breastfeeding positions can alleviate discomfort. Sometimes, nipple shields can help protect sore nipples.Engorgement: This occurs when breasts are overly full, leading to swelling and discomfort. Regular feeding, expressing milk or using cold compresses can relieve engorgement.Low Milk Supply: Concerns about insufficient milk are common. Ensuring frequent feeding and consulting with a lactation expert can help boost milk production.Mastitis: This breast infection causes pain, redness and fever. It’s crucial to continue breastfeeding or pumping and seek medical advice for appropriate treatment.Benefits of BreastfeedingBreastfeeding provides several benefits to both the mother and the baby:Nutritional Excellence: Breast milk provides the perfect balance of nutrients essential for your baby’s development. It contains antibodies that help strengthen the baby’s immune system, protecting against infections and diseases.Bonding and Emotional Benefits: Touch during nursing builds a strong emotional relationship between mother and child, giving the newborn a sense of security and comfort.Health Benefits for Mothers: Breastfeeding can help mothers recover post delivery by promoting uterine contractions that reduce bleeding. It also reduces the risk of breast and ovarian cancer, type 2 diabetes and postpartum depression.Economic and Environmental Benefits: Breastfeeding is cost effective, reducing the need for formula and associated feeding supplies. It also has a lower environmental impact than formula production and packing.ConclusionBreastfeeding is a journey that comes with its unique set of challenges and rewards. By understanding proper latching techniques, being prepared to address common issues and appreciating the numerous benefits, mothers can navigate this important phase with confidence and support. If you face difficulties, don’t hesitate to seek help from lactation consultants or healthcare providers, ensuring both you and your baby thrive during this special time.

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27 August, 2024

Natural vs Epidural Birth

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Understanding Your Pain Management OptionsExpectant moms must make an important decision when it comes to pain management during labor. Understanding the differences between natural and epidural delivery options will allow you to make an informed selection based on your preferences and medical requirements.Natural Birth: Embracing the Body's ProcessWhat is Natural Birth?Natural delivery is the process of giving birth without the use of pain relievers or medical treatments. This method emphasizes allowing the body to progress naturally through labor and delivery, frequently including strategies such as breathing exercises, relaxation and varied positions to manage discomfort.Benefits of Natural BirthGreater Control: Many women feel more in control of their labor and delivery experience during a natural birth.Shorter Recovery Time: Without the effects of anesthesia, recovery can be quicker and the mother can be more alert and mobile immediately after birth.No Drug Side Effects: Avoiding pain medication reduces the risk of drug-related side effects for both the mother and baby.Considerations for Natural BirthPain Management: While some women manage pain effectively using natural techniques, others may find the pain overwhelming.Physical Demands: Natural birth requires endurance and resilience, which may be challenging for some women.Epidural Birth: Pain Relief with Medical AssistanceWhat is an Epidural?An epidural is a type of localized anesthesia administered by a catheter inserted in the lower back. It numbs the lower region of the body, resulting in significant pain relief during birth.Benefits of an EpiduralEffective Pain Relief: Epidurals are highly effective at managing pain, allowing the mother to remain comfortable during labor.Flexibility: An epidural can be adjusted or stopped as needed, providing customizable pain relief.Conservation of Energy: By reducing pain, an epidural can help the mother conserve energy for the pushing stage of labor.Considerations for an EpiduralPotential Side Effects: Common adverse effects include decreased blood pressure, headaches and backaches. In rare circumstances, more significant consequences may arise.Limited Mobility: An epidural typically requires the mother to remain in bed, as movement and walking are restricted.Timing and Availability: Epidurals are usually administered once labor is well established and may not be available if labor progresses too quickly.Making the Right Choice for YouChoosing between natural and epidural birth depends on your pain tolerance, health status and personal preferences. Here are some tips to help you decide:Educate Yourself: Attend childbirth education classes and discuss pain management options with your healthcare provider.Consider Your Preferences: Think about your comfort level with pain and medical interventions.Plan Flexibly: Birth plans can change due to unforeseen circumstances, so it's important to remain open to different pain management options.Final ThoughtsBoth natural and epidural deliveries have their pros and cons. The best option is the one that meets your unique needs and medical condition. Discuss your options with your doctors and create a birth plan that prioritizes your comfort and the safety of both you and your baby.Whether you opt for natural or epidural birth, the ultimate goal is to have a healthy and joyful birth experience. Take this journey with confidence, knowing you've made the best option for yourself and your developing family.

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10 November, 2023

5 best ways to avoid premature labour

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The average length of a human gestation is 280 days or 40 weeks. The gestation period is usually counted from the first day of woman’s last menstrual period. It’s good and healthier for babies not to be born before they’re due. If the labour starts before 37 weeks of pregnancy, then it is usually called as premature labour. In this case, the baby is not fully grown and is not entirely ready to come into the outside world.In premature labour, the mother is unable to carry her baby for the full 9-month term. There are a number of reasons behind the preterm labour, including traumas, accidents and unpredictable diseases. Although the reasons are not clear, here are the common and best advisable ways to avoid premature labour.Learn what you can do to prevent early labour!  See your health care provider early and regularly during your pregnancy. Prenatal care is designed over the years to minimise the risk and complications of pregnancy. A good health care provider can ensure and plan your pregnancy. Attend all prenatal appointments with your doctor and have all the screening tests to check your health and your baby’s health. Understand the common problems of the pregnancy and check the root causes in case of complications. Understanding the root causes will help you and your doctor plan better labour for you.  Stay away from smoke, drink, or illegal usage of drugs. Protect your baby’s health and well being by staying away from smoke, drink or usage of drugs. Indirect exposure or passive exposure will also cause tremendous issues. Get help to quit for your or your family members around you, if needed. Always remember tobacco and alcohol will cause harm to your pregnancy! Stay or get to a healthy weight during pregnancy. Overweight and underweight women have a higher chance of giving premature birth. Work with your doctor and understand the weight demands during pregnancy. Try to achieve a healthy weight based on what your doctor suggests. Don’t get discouraged; even a small change in your weight may lower the chance of giving birth to a preterm baby. Always keep your weight on check.  Track your chronic diseases and take care of them  Inform your health care provider in case of any chronic disease such as diabetes, blood pressure or gastritis. They have to be kept well controlled before, during and after pregnancy. However, if any of the chronic conditions worsen during pregnancy, the chances for premature labour are higher. Thus, tracking and taking care of such chronic diseases is highly important.  Practice a healthy diet and regular yoga Taking care of your body and mind during pregnancy plays a vital role in the health of the baby. Eat a variety of foods and drink lots of water to maintain the balance of vitamins, proteins and minerals in your body. Do regular exercise or yoga to boost your metabolism and contain the stress levels.  Preterm pregnancies cant always be prevented. But following a healthy routine will definitely lower the chances of premature births. Studies suggest that women who get routine prenatal care are more likely to have a healthier pregnancy and baby.    *Information shared here is for general purpose. Please take doctors’ advice before taking any decision.

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20 November, 2021

5 easy ways to reduce stress during pregnancy

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No matter how happy you are about your pregnancy, stress during the pregnancy phase is unavoidable. Most of the time, it is because of the hormones that play around. But there are a lot of other factors that account to stress. Managing stress during pregnancy is an efficient way to enjoy your pregnancy period.  Knowing the changes and accepting them happening to your body will help you best during this phase. However, know more efficient ways to reduce stress during pregnancy.  Here are the 5 easy ways to reduce stress during pregnancy.  Eat well and sleep well must be a routine  Nothing can replace the best benefits of proper food and sound sleep. Ensure that you follow a balanced diet with all the necessary supplements that your body needs and take enough rest. A night of proper sleep will make your day brighter and keep you comparatively in a cheerful mood. Rest when you are tired. Do not overdo during pregnancy. A perfect routine for food and sleep will ease up your hormones.  Surround yourself with positive energy. Talk to your friends and family. Pregnancy can put you through a lot of thoughts. It will make you think about the least possible negativity. Well, these are the instincts of the mother to safeguard her child. So it is no wonder that you get all such thoughts. However, do not put them all to yourself. Talk them out with your best buddies and family. Let them know your concerns and allow them to soothe you down.  Exercise must be your normal  We are not talking about heavy workouts and impulsive training. It is all about simple meditation and gentle exercise. Mild exercise during pregnancy will lower cortisol levels; the stress hormone is partly responsible for your stress. Thus, regular exercise will help you stay fit and help you check your stress levels during pregnancy.  You can choose simple exercises like walking, swimming, low paced stationary bike etc. Learn more about safe cardio exercises that you can consider during pregnancy here.  Take time out for yourself You might feel upset over small things. It is normal to be so during pregnancy. Do not feel wrong about such instances. Instead, when you feel low or feeling upset over something, take some time out for yourself to calm you down. Pick your favourite activity that you love to do and spend enough time with it. Try it for yourself! Taking a break can do significant wonders for your mental health, especially during pregnancy! Do not skip your doctor appointments  Visiting your doctor regularly for prenatal appointments will make you feel at ease. Knowing your condition and baby’s condition will help you better understand the situation. At times, a simple talk with your doctor can help you calm down. Regular appointments will also help you check for the complications of pregnancy. An excellent way to check your mental health and ease you as well!  Remember, it is perfectly alright to worry about your unborn baby. Whether the baby is healthy or growing out well inside. But, do not let these thoughts overcome the joy of your pregnancy. Follow the above-mentioned suggestions to reduce your stress during pregnancy and enjoy the blissful moments of your life!!  *Information shared here is for general purpose. Please take doctors’ advice before taking any decision. 

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25 October, 2021

Pelvic Pain

Authored By: Dr. K. Shilpi Reddy

Pelvic Pain Pelvic pain is pain in the lower part of the abdomen and pelvis. It can stem from multiple causes. Pelvic pain arises from the conditions associated with reproductive, urinary or digestive systems, or from muscles and ligaments in the pelvis. Pelvic pain can be due to irritation of nerves in the pelvis. Chronic pelvic pain is constant or intermittent pelvic pain for six months or more. Pelvic pain may spread to lower back, buttocks or thighs. Pelvic pain can also be situational, such as while using the bathroom or have sex. Causes More than one condition can lead to Pelvic pain. Common causes of acute pelvic pain Ovarian cyst– it is fluid-filled bubble arising from an ovary and causes pelvic pain when it ruptures or becomes twisted Acute pelvic inflammatory disease– a bacterial infection of the reproductive organs, which often follows a chlamydia or gonorrhoea infection and needs immediate treatment with Antibiotics. Ectopic Pregnancy (or other pregnancy-related conditions) Miscarriage or intrauterine fetal death Menstrual cramps (dysmenorrhea) Mittelschmerz (ovulation pain) Appendicitis – a painful swelling of the appendix which usually causes pain on the lower right-hand side of your abdomen Peritonitis– inflammation of the peritoneum; it causes sudden abdominal pain that gradually becomes more severe and requires emergency treatment Urinary tract infection – it will cause pain or a burning sensation while urination Kidney stones Constipation or bowel spasm – this could be due to changes in diet, medication, irritable bowel syndrome or, in rare cases, a bowel obstruction Less common causes include: Pelvic abscess –it is collection of pus in between pelvic organs requiring urgent treatment Endometriosis – a condition where bits of endometrium is found outside the uterus, such as on the ovaries, leading to painful periods Uterine fibroids Long-term pelvic pain If pelvic pain persist for 6 months or more that is either intermittent or continuous, it’s known as chronic pelvic pain. The most common causes of chronic pelvic pain are: Endometriosis Chronic pelvic inflammatory disease – a bacterial infection of female reproductive organs which often follows a chlamydia or gonorrhoea infection and needs immediate treatment with antibiotics Irritable bowel syndrome – a common condition of the digestive system that can cause cramps, bloating, diarrhoea and constipation Conditions involving the muscles, joints, and ligaments in the pelvis, lower back, or hips. Less common causes of chronic pelvic pain are: Recurrent ovarian cysts  Recurrent urinary tract infection Lower back pain Prolapse of the uterus– where the uterus slips down along with other organs from its normal position and usually causes a “dragging” pain Adenomyosis – endometriosis that affects the muscle of the uterus, causing painful, heavy periods Fibroids – tumours(non-cancerous) of the uterus, fibroids can be painful if they twist, but uncomplicated fibroids aren’t usually painful Chronic interstitial cystitis – chronic inflammation of the bladder Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) –It includes ulcerative colitis and Crohn’s disease, which affect the gut Hernia  Trapped or damaged nerves in the pelvic area  Uterine cancer Cervical cancer Vulvodynia Symptoms Worsening of menstrual cramps Menstrual pain Vaginal bleeding, spotting or discharge Painful or difficult urination Constipation or diarrhoea Bloating or gas Blood seen with a bowel movement Blood in urine Pain during intercourse Fever or chills Pain in the hip area Pain in the groin area Diagnosis To begin with, your doctor will do a complete examination to look for problems with your reproductive system. The doctor will need complete information about past and present health and symptoms. You might need to undergo some tests, such as: Blood and urine tests for signs of infection. A pregnancy test. Tests for sexually transmitted infections (STIs)– vaginal culture Emotional issues can be a big part in chronic pain. Inform your doctor about any depression or stress that is adding to your problem. Your Doctor will need to know about any past or current sexual or physical abuse. It can be tough to talk about these things, but all this information is needed to provide right treatment. If initial tests don’t suggest anything significant, then you might have to go for other tests that show pictures of the organs in your belly. These may include: Abdominal and pelvic X-rays. Diagnostic laparoscopy Hysteroscopy (procedure to examine the uterus). Stool guaiac test- tests microscopic blood in stool sample Lower endoscopy such as colonoscopy or sigmoidoscopy Ultrasound  CT scan of the abdomen and pelvis Finding the cause of pelvic pain can take long time. You should keep record about the type of pain you have, timings and any precipitating factors. Treatment Once your condition is diagnosed- you will be treated for that problem. Some common treatments include: Birth control pills or hormone treatment for problems related to your periods. Surgery for removal of a growth, cyst, or tumor. Medical management- such as an antibiotic for infection or medicine for irritable bowel syndrome. If you are not diagnosed foe the condition causing pelvic pain-you can be offered treatment to help you manage the pain. Best results are seen from a combination of treatments such as: Pain relievers called NSAIDs, like ibuprofen or naproxen. Tricyclic antidepressant medicine or anticonvulsants, which can help with pain and with depression. Cognitive-behavioural therapy or biofeedback, to help you change the way you think about or react to pain. Counselling, to give you emotional support and reduce stress. Physical therapy to help you relax your muscles, improve your posture, and be more active. Pain relievers that are injected (local anaesthetic) into specific areas to help with pain. You may need to try many treatments before you find the ones that help you the most. If the things you’re using aren’t working well, ask your doctor what else you can try. Taking an active role in your treatment may help you feel more hopeful.

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21 October, 2021

Post Menopausal Bleeding

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What is post-menopausal bleeding? When the monthly periods stop for 12 months we call it menopause.  Any bleeding that happens after that is called post-menopausal bleeding.  Is it normal to have bleeding after menopause? It is never normal to have bleeding after menopause. Even if it is spotting, or slight smearing of blood on pad or happened only once or no pain it is still not normal and you should not ignore.  Is it cancer?  All women who have post-menopausal bleeding will not have cancer.  Only less than 10% women might have cancer. Rest of 90% might have simple reasons for bleeding.  What can be the reasons for the post-menopausal bleeding? Most common reason will be dryness of vagina also known as atrophy.  Other reasons might include small growths or polyps, infection of cervix or vagina, or use of hormone replacement pills. Less commonly there can be cancer of uterus or cervix or vagina.  What should I do when I notice post-menopausal bleeding?  Whenever you notice post-menopausal bleeding make an appointment with your doctor as soon as possible instead of postponing or observing for repetition.  What will happen at doctor’s visit?  When you visit the doctor will complaints of post-menopausal bleeding the doctor will take history of all your medical problems and check you which might involve internal check. If you are due for Pap smear or never had that done before Pap smear will be done which is twisting of soft brush at cervix – that is mouth of the uterus.  You will be advised ultrasound scan to check for any growths inside the uterus or abnormal thickness of uterine lining and also to rule out ovarian cysts.  You will be advised to have a biopsy of the lining of the uterus if it is looking thick. It is generally done in the outpatient department itself and you will not need anesthesia. It is well tolerated and a simple procedure. You might experience some crampy pain while biopsy is being taken.  The reports will be available in a week and you will be called to discuss the reports.  If biopsy is not tolerated or insufficient or if you are taking a pill for breast cancer you will need a camera test called hysteroscopy. A small camera is passed inside the uterus to check the lining. It can be done as outpatient or in operation theatre under anaesthesia. Even if you need anaesthesia it is a small procedure and you will be discharged on same day of the procedure.  What are the treatment options?  If biopsy and all examination reports are normal you will be reassured and no follow up will be needed unless the problem repeats. If there is uterine cancer identified you will need surgery to remove the uterus and ovaries. Remember the uterine cancers are detected early so there is very good cure possible. If vaginal dryness is the cause – you will be given hormone cream to help. If any infections identified you will be suggested appropriate antibiotics. If small polyps are the reason the polyps can be removed and sent for biopsy. If lining is thick but no cancer within then progesterone pills or coil will be suggested. Overall the treatment depends on the cause of the postmenopausal bleeding. 

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